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What is a Biography? Definition, Characteristics, Structure and Types
Biographies of famous people usually become role models for others because of their achievements, thoughts, works and much more. Therefore, there are writings about this character. Then know things about biography is / what is meant by biography?
Definition of Biography
A biography is a piece of writing which contains an explanation of the story and various information from a person. In summary, it can also be referred to as the life history of other people who usually have a broad impact.
Understanding according to etymology comes from the Greek word bios which means life and graphien which means writing. So a biography is a piece of writing about a person's life. The form can be short or long and written by someone else.
The content of a biography is the story of a person's life journey in almost detail starting from birth, important things in his life that made him famous either through his work, achievements, or thoughts until his death.
What are the Biographical Features?
Biography has certain characteristics which make it different from others. This makes the writing can be directly known the content and purpose. The following is information about the special distinguishing characteristics:
Have a Standard Structure
Biography is writing containing the life story of a character who gives motivation, positive impact and so on. The writing is often in standard form, namely using Indonesian in a formal style.
This is one of the distinguishing characteristics between biographies and other writings such as short fiction. In addition, it is written based on real things sourced from personal data to stories of people related to the characters.
Contents of Writing
The contents of the writing of a biography is a journey of life starting from birth, childhood, at school until graduation, family life, achievements and much more. In short, it is a collection of stories based on true stories.
This makes biographies different from short stories or novels which are fiction or artificial. This writing about a person's life journey is based on experience, related people's stories and also other authentic evidence.
Writing Style
The writing style of biographies tends to be rigid or standard. However, it all also depends on the character that is appointed or written. If you are a respected, honorable person, especially a national hero, you must use formal writing.
However, if the characters are written other than heroes or honorable people but have a positive impact or have certain works, you can use a relaxed writing style. It can be with a more familiar greeting, for example you, us, us and so on.
Contains Motivation
In addition to containing wisdom and messages, the biography also contains motivation for its readers to be able to imitate and apply the imitation of the character whose life story was raised. It can be aphorisms from the author or from the figure itself.
This motivation aims so that the reader can imitate the positive attitudes, actions, works and so on from the characters appointed. Not only that, it also sometimes acts as a lighter to keep trying and not give up.
Structure of Biography Tulisan
In addition to having characteristics and also discussing a biography is / what is a biography? There's nothing wrong with you also learn the structure of the writing. The following is information about the structure which serves as the framework:
Orientation
Orientation is the first writing structure which contains a clear introduction to the main character. It also serves as an introduction or opening of a biographical type of writing. Then, it will proceed to the next arrangement subtly.
In other words, orientation is the introduction of characters starting from basic information such as their identities to explaining their parents, siblings and so on. This orientation section must be written clearly so that the reader feels coherent in reading the biography.
Events and Problems
The second structure of the biography is the existence of events and problems which all become the beginning of the writing of this type of writing. There must be events and problems that become motivations or important points so that it deserves to be a curriculum vitae.
The content of events and problems can be about the most difficult conditions of the characters then find a way to get out of it. This makes the writing will have its own uniqueness and be a motivation for others.
reorientation
The orientation stage is the closing of a series of writing processes on orientation and events and problems. Often in the form of views or opinions of the author to a character or outsider whose life story is raised.
The existence of this reorientation is optional, that is, it may or may not exist, so whichever suits your needs. This is because the content is only in the form of the author's opinion which often poses the risk of unrelated writing and so on.
Know the Types of Biography
Biography has several types which are divided into separate categories. This makes the forms vary according to the purpose of the author in introducing the main character of his writing. The following is information regarding this:
Based on Discussion
Biography based on the discussion is divided into three kinds, namely political, intellectual and journalistic. The three differ in their focal point so that the direction of writing only focuses on one of them.
Politics and intellectuals use the point of view as the name implies. Often has a specific purpose and requires research in writing. Meanwhile, journalism is obtained from interviews with both direct figures and related people.
By Publisher
Biography based on the publisher is divided into two, namely self and subsidies. When the publisher takes care of everything from writing to printing to distribution independently. Aims to get people's attention as buyers.
Meanwhile, the subsidy is the publication of a book that is commercial in nature and has a special responsibility, such as a sponsor. Not oriented to its popularity in the community so that sometimes the selling price is too high.
Based on Content
There are two kinds of biographies based on their contents, namely the life journey of a person who is full of food and also about his career which is believed to be able to provide motivation. Both of them provide a goal to tell the greatness of the main character.
The journey of life is told in detail from birth to death with an emphasis on memorable things. As for the career, of course focusing on it from the beginning until reaching the point of success and current position.
Based on the Author's Side
From the author's point of view, there are two kinds of biography, namely autobiography and biography. The difference can be seen from who wrote the curriculum vitae. This is because anyone can write the story of someone's life or himself.
An autobiography is a biography where the author is himself. Meanwhile, biographies are all things related to the lives of other people which are written by the author (not from the owner of the story directly).
Knowing the meaning of the biography clearly will provide correct information about the writing. Of course it will also help if you are someone with a profession to write the life story of a certain person or thing. Thus, the biographical question is answered / what is a biography?
